{"id":2453,"date":"2008-06-24T21:02:24","date_gmt":"2008-06-25T02:02:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/?p=2453"},"modified":"2020-07-21T19:30:38","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T00:30:38","slug":"years-of-being-obscure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/2008\/06\/24\/years-of-being-obscure\/","title":{"rendered":"Years of being obscure"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

DB here:<\/p>\n

The Cannes screening of Ashes of Time Redux<\/a><\/em> reminds us that Wong Kar-wai has been an incessant reviser of his work. Versions proliferate in different markets\u2014one for Hong Kong, one for Taiwan, one for the international market\u2014and he has sometimes promised online versions, or bonus DVD features. Buenos Aires Zero Degree<\/em> (1999) by Kwan Pung-leung, provides tantalizing bits of scenes between Tony Leung Chiu-wai and Shirley Kwan. Yet it makes us wonder about the film we might have had if Wong had not decided to cut the whole plot strand out (after keeping Shirley in Argentina for several weeks).<\/p>\n

We can add to the list Days of Being Wild<\/em> (1990), Wong\u2019s breakthrough movie. It’s been circulated for years in an international version, which is currently available on DVD. But some people people have recalled seeing a fugitive, somewhat hallucinatory cut of the film. Some time ago I examined that alternative, and I figured it\u2019s worth showing what I saw. This rareversion prefigures some aspects of Wong\u2019s later style, particularly as seen in In the Mood for Love<\/em> (2000). I don\u2019t have solutions to all the puzzles it poses, but I’ve gathered some information. If you know something about this “obscure” version, feel free to write to me and I’ll append your comments to this entry.<\/p>\n

I need hardly add that there are spoilers<\/strong> galore here. In the images, differences in tonality and aspect ratio spring from my two sources, DVD and 35mm film (which itself fluctuates a little in aspect ratio from shot to shot).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Last things first<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Days of Being Wild<\/em> begins in 1960 Hong Kong. It follows the wanderings of Yuddy (Leslie Cheung), a preening young man who casually seduces women, notably the brassy Lulu (Carina Lau) and the subdued, na\u00efve Lai-chen (Maggie Cheung). Living with his aunt, Yuddy wonders why his mother abandoned him. He finds her living in the Philippines but doesn\u2019t confront her.<\/p>\n

At the climax in Manila, Yuddy meets a sailor (Andy Lau) and picks a fight with local thugs. The two men flee by hopping aboard a train. By chance, the sailor was formerly a Hong Kong cop, who was attracted to Lai-chen. On the train, Yuddy is shot by a vengeful thug. The film concludes with a series of shots of Lulu, Lai-chen, and\u2014the big mystery\u2014a slick young man in a seedy apartment who files his nails, combs his hair, equips himself with handkerchief and cigarettes, and sets out for a night on the town. He doesn\u2019t speak, and he has never appeared in the film before. It’s one of the boldest narrative maneuvers in contemporary cinema, and it has occasioned a lot of comment.<\/p>\n

The differences in the final sequences begin on the train. In the international version, a shot of the landscape seen from between the cars is followed by a high-angle medium shot of the cop.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

This constitutes a mini-flashback, since Yuddy has already died from the gunshot. The cop\u2019s voice-over initiates the exchange: \u201cThe last time I saw him, I asked him a question.\u201d (As usual in Wong\u2019s work, we have no way of knowing whom is being addressed; this could be an inner monologue, a report to an unseen character, or simply a self-conscious address to the audience.) For a little more than two minutes, the camera shows only the cop. He asks if Yuddy remembers what he was doing at a certain time. Yuddy understands immediately that the cop has met Lai-chen, and he replies from offscreen, asking about the cop’s relation to her and asking him to tell her that he, Yuddy, has no memory of her. The cop worries that Lai-chen may not even recognize him.<\/p>\n

The exchange ends with a wordless shot of Yuddy sitting against the seat, eyes barely open, as an orchestral version of \u201cPerfidia\u201d rises up. The scene ends with an extreme long-shot of the train. The tune was heard earlier when the cop walked away from a nighttime encounter with Lai-chen, so this refrain reminds us of the cop\u2019s yearning for her.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The alternate version doesn\u2019t alter the overall situation much, but it presents different emphases. After the shot between the train cars, we have an off-center long shot of the cop; it\u2019s then that we get the voice-over: \u201cThe last time I saw him, I asked him a question.\u201d Cut to a medium close-up of Yuddy, which replaces the shot of the cop. Now for about two minutes he speaks and the cop\u2019s reactions are kept offscreen.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

As far as I can tell at this point, the dialogue is identical. In effect, we have a virtual shot\/ reverse-shot exchange between the two films! And instead of holding on the framing of Yuddy, or cutting to the cop’s reaction, Wong simply gives us a shot of the two men in facing seats. This is followed by a very different shot of the train, winding through the sort of greenish-blue foliage seen in a famous earlier shot, and there is no music.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The international version puts the emphasis on the cop, who is both challenging Yuddy and obliquely reflecting on his own situation.; hence perhaps the \u201cPerfidia\u201d theme, which is associated with him. The alternate version keeps us focused on Yuddy throughout, our final stare at him, as it were, before a two-shot reasserts an equivalent weight between the two men, and perhaps their memories as well.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The very end<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The variations continue in the final shots. Both versions begin with the shot of Lulu striding to the camera in a telephoto framing, above. Now she’s in the Philippines.<\/p>\n

In the international version, this shot is followed by Lulu swanning into a bedroom, hanging up her dress, and saying to the landlady, “There’s someone I want to ask you about.”<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

In the other version, we see her passing through a somewhat sleazy hotel lobby and asking for a spare room. As a result, it’s somewhat less clear that she’s pursuing Yuddy.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The scene shifts to the stadium where Lai-chen works as a ticket seller. (Stephen Teo\u2019s stimulating book on Wong specifies that it\u2019s the South China Athletic Association.) Customers are swarming in for a football match. The obscure version gives us two quick tracking shots of the crowd, with the second ending on a profile shot of Lai-chen in her booth.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The standard version offers only one of the tracking shots and ends with a static framing of the profile composition. But this version adds a shot, beginning the scene with a head-on composition of her at her window.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

At this point the alternate version omits two shots that have attracted a lot of critical commentary. Before the shot of Lai-chen shutting up shop, we see a high-angle view of tramway tracks and a shot of a clock outside the stadium.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The clock shot recalls Lai-chen’s meeting with Yuddy, while the tramcar lines recalls her rainy-night encounter with the cop. Instead of these empty shots, the alternate version cuts from Lai-chen in her booth to a shot of a soccer match, evidently seen through a slot in her cabin.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The rest of what follows corresponds in both versions. Lai-chen is seen reading a newspaper before closing the booth.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Both versions likewise wind down with a shot of the phone booth, the one that Lai-chen and the cop had lingered beside, followed by a closer view of the interior. The phone is ringing.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The first shot of the pair recalls, in its high-angle composition, the rainy night that the two met. (Wong’s characters are haunted by memory, but he forces us to use ours too.)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The cop had asked Lai-chen to call him, and the previous scene showed her closing her window, so we might infer that now she\u2019s trying to get in touch with him\u2014not knowing, as we do, that he\u2019s quit the force, become a sailor, and watched her boyfriend die. But we can\u2019t be sure that she\u2019s the one making the call.<\/p>\n

The very last shot, showing Tony grooming, is also the same in both versions. (One stage of it is at the very top of this entry.) It is a real crux. Why is Wong showing us this down-at-heel gambler for two and a half minutes? He has no evident connection to any of the characters we\u2019ve followed, and we will never see him again.<\/p>\n

Most critics have also accepted Wong\u2019s explanation that he had planned a sequel, one showing how Yuddy\u2019s influence over others lingered long after his death. Patrick Tam told Stephen Teo that the shot was his idea, a setup or trailer for the next film, turning everything we had seen up till now into a lengthy prologue. (1) But Days of Being Wild <\/em>was a fiasco at the box office, taking in HK$9.7 million, or about $1.25 million US (in a year in which Stephen Chow\u2019s All for the Winner<\/em> earned over four times that). So the sequel was never made.<\/p>\n

Yet these intriguing circumstances don\u2019t really justify the epilogue’s purposes and effects. A causal explanation doesn\u2019t necessarily yield a functional explanation. What role does this disruptive shot play in the film\u2019s overall dynamic? If Wong had made the sequel, it might have been seen as a brilliant stroke; without the followup film, how can we justify its presence?<\/p>\n

It\u2019s reasonable to argue, as Teo does, that this vision of Tony’s primping generalizes Yuddy\u2019s case, suggesting that his rootless narcissism is a condition of many young men of the day. You might also suggest that he provides a sort of male equivalent of the playgirl Lulu; just as the cop played by Andy Lau is a good, though unachieved, match for Lai-chen, Tony would pair up better with Lulu than Yuddy\u2019s pal (Jacky Cheung), who pines for her.<\/p>\n

Actually, the alternate version sheds a little light on the problem. It doesn\u2019t provide a definitive answer to what Tony is doing there, but it does offer some tantalizing possibilities. In the alternate version, Tony is not only the last character we see, but the first one. And he\u2019s embedded in a sequence that looks ahead to the style for which Wong has been both admired and castigated.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Languor and ellipsis<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

After the credits, the international version opens with Yuddy striding forcefully into the soccer stadium and mesmerically flirting with Lai-chen. But the print I examined of the obscure version interrupts the credits and shows us none other than the nameless young spark played by Tony Leung Chiu-wai, buffing his nails. (It seems to be an earlier stretch of the final shot, which continues this action.)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0Over his image, we hear this in a male voice (no subtitles on the print):<\/p>\n

I saw him one more time. He had just returned from the Philippines. He was much thinner than before. I asked him what happened to him. He replied that he just recovered from his sickness. He didn\u2019t want to chat anyway, so I asked him what his sickness was.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Afterwards, we didn\u2019t see each other any more.<\/strong><\/p>\n

This is very mysterious. Whose voice is speaking\u2014Tony\u2019s, Yuddy\u2019s, Andy Lau\u2019s? I can\u2019t identify it. And who is the he <\/em>referred to? The most plausible candidate is Andy, who may have returned to Hong Kong; and he is looking fairly ill in the film\u2019s final scenes. But it might be the Tony character, as described by one of the other men, or even at a stretch Yuddy himself, who has somehow survived the shooting and returned to Hong Kong.<\/p>\n

These ruminations assume that this opening shot frames a flashback by rhyming with the final image of Tony rising from the bed and dressing for his night out. It provides a sheerly formal justification for the final shot, which now completes the action begun at the start. But substantively, we\u2019re still left with a variant of the original question. Instead of asking why end the movie with this remote character, we now ask why he\u2019s used to frame<\/em> the movie.<\/p>\n

The questions have just begun, however. After this eighteen-second shot of the dapper Tony, we get a music montage lasting about eighty-three seconds. It\u2019s quite perplexing. We\u2019re in a warren of corridors, a bit reminiscent of the byways of Chungking Mansions in Chungking Express,<\/em> and everything is in slow motion. We follow Andy Lau, in a yellow pullover, striding through the darkness and sweating profusely. Then we find him playing cards with some unidentified men. At one point, we see a woman climb the stairs, at other points we glimpse a man with an enormous snake coiled around him. The sequence ends with shots of a hand seizing a cleaver and shots of Andy, back in the corridor, striding away from us. The whole sequence is accompanied by the song “Jungle Drums,” which continues from the shot in Tony\u2019s apartment but is now sung by a female voice (Anita Mui’s).<\/p>\n

I was able to take stills of these shots, so I\u2019ll go through them one by one, despite their iffy quality. (The images are very dark, and the print was worn and a little speckled.) After the opening shot of Tony, we get eighteen shots, all in slow-motion, many out of focus, and nearly all using camera movement. Often the cuts are matched in the normal fashion, but sometimes the connection is purely kinetic. As often in Wong’s work, the timing of the cuts synchronizes with beats or melodic lines in the music.<\/p>\n

The first shot shows a woman ascending a staircase (pre-echo of the cheongsams in In the Mood for Love<\/em>), and we pan quickly to Andy looking up after her before setting out down the corridor, where he passes a man with a snake.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Track left with Andy in medium close-up, wiping sweat from his face, then cut to an out-of-focus shot of him still walking.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Andy rounds a corner and proceeds down the hall, extending his hand to the wall. In one of those pseudo-matches, another hand slides open a door, as if completing his gesture. We see a card game inside. The framing suggests Andy\u2019s point of view, but the camera glides back.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/p>\n

In close-up, a hand holds a cigarette. A slight tilt and rack-focus reveals that the card player is Andy.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Suddenly, there\u2019s an out-of-focus shot of the snake sliding along the man\u2019s arm; the shot lasts only 16 frames, or two-thirds of a second. (Here I go again, frame-counting<\/a>.) This is followed by a blurry shot, only 19 frames, of Andy turning his head. It\u2019s almost as if the snake-shot had attracted Andy\u2019s peripheral vision.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The man with the snake, still out of focus, rises and goes behind a curtain. Cut to a shot of a light bulb shielded by a scrap of paper, with cigarette smoke wafting up.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0A classic misterioso<\/em> shot: A powerfully built man in a suit, seen from the rear, dominates the composition, and the camera tracks back from him. But instead of revealing his identity, the narration cuts back to Andy, who, out of focus, turns back to the game.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0A new phase of the sequence starts. The camera pans up a rock wall, showing water trickling down it. Confirming that we\u2019re back in the corridor, we see a hand seizing a chopper from a wall rack. There\u2019s an odd effect of matching movement, with the pan upward picked up by the upward-lifting movement of the cleaver.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

From another angle, the hand draws the cleaver across the frame.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Now we get opposing lines of movement\u2014up and to the right in the first chopper shot, horizontally to the left in this shot. The rhythmic bump is accented by the brevity of the shots (30 frames, 21 frames). At the end of this second shot, we can glimpse someone walking away in the dark background.<\/p>\n

The cleaver shots are followed by a close-up of Andy walking along the corridor, much like those at the start of the sequence. The final shot shows him walking far away from us. This take seems to be a continuation of the earlier one, when he put out his hand against the left wall. It fades out as the song does.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

After the fade-out of Andy walking down the corridor, the credits resume and the scene introducing Yuddy and Lai-chen begins the main plot.<\/p>\n

Wong had used a music montage in As Tears Go By<\/em> (the remarkable \u201cTake My Breath Away\u201d sequence, which I analyzed in Planet Hong Kong<\/em>). But there it functioned as a lyrical commentary on a sharply delineated, somewhat conventional narrative situation: Wah visits Ngor in Lantau Island and awkwardly communicates his affection for her. This sequence in Days<\/em> is puzzling because it doesn\u2019t have very clear narrative import. It does set the mood of languor that dominates the film, but it also hints at a situation of criminal danger (gamblers, the hand with the chopper) that is never actualized in the story that follows.<\/p>\n

Coming after the fairly opaque opening shot of Tony, this sequence poses other questions. We’ll later learn that Andy is a diligent patrolman; what’s he doing in this den of thieves? Local audiences would recognize the location as the Kowloon Walled City, a sort of island of sheer criminality in the middle of Kowloon. Was Andy an undercover cop before taking up the uniform?<\/p>\n

And who is seizing the cleaver? At first I thought it was Andy, but closer inspection shows that\u2019s not likely; there\u2019s nothing in his hands in the final extreme long-shot. Is someone stalking him? We never find out.<\/p>\n

Wong is fond of giving us mere impressions of events, sometimes linked to characters\u2019 consciousness, sometimes soaring cadenzas of images blended with music. But unlike the music montage of As Tears Go By<\/em> and those in later films, this one is almost indecipherable in story terms. Nothing else in Days of Being Wild<\/em> is as free-form as this stretch of footage. It can stand as an emblem and limit-case of Wong\u2019s interest in using genre conventions poetically, and his reluctance to pay them off in plot terms.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Partial <\/strong>solutions, more mysteries<\/strong><\/p>\n

Back in 2001, Shelly Kraicer<\/a>, impresario of the Chinese Cinema List, wrote about having seen this version, and several people chimed in with their recollections and opinions. In 2004, I asked several Hong Kong friends about it. Filmmaker, critic, and educator Shu Kei, who has a long memory for Hong Kong film, replied:<\/p>\n

I remember the footage you describe. If I\u2019m right, this was the version WKW re-edited after the disastrous midnight premiere of the film, and it was the \u201cofficial released version\u201d for the regular shows in the following week.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Days<\/em> was released on 15 December 1990 and played until 27 December, so perhaps this was indeed the version that was seen in its Hong Kong run. In 2001 correspondence on Shelly\u2019s list, B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Reynaud, who saw the \u201cpre-premiere version\u201d of a print straight from the lab, was \u201cpositive\u201d that the prologue material was not in that print.<\/p>\n

Shu Kei offers some further information about the gambling sequence:<\/p>\n

The shots with Andy Lau in a card game and fighting afterwards [sic] were done in a very early stage of the film\u2019s lengthy shoot, in which Lau was playing a gangster-like character in the Kowloon Walled City. (The role, and much of the original concept of Days of Being Wild<\/em>, were reprised in Jeff Lau\u2019s Days of Tomorrow<\/em>, 1993.) Andy\u2019s character was later changed to that of a cop.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Two other Hong Kong observers told me that the revised version was designed to make sure that the big stars Tony Leung and Andy Lau had early and prominent entrances, since without the prologue, they play minor roles. Michael Campi reported in the 2001 correspondence: \u201cI was told that in a frantic attempt to retrieve some revenue from the film, it was decided crassly to include Leung Chiu-wai in the opening as well as the closing.\u201d<\/p>\n

If this was the strategy, it\u2019s reminiscent of the changes made to the international (originally, Taiwanese) version of Ashes of Time<\/em>, with the prologue and epilogue showing explosive fighting scenes. Those passages were designed, explains Hong Kong Film Festival programmer Li Cheuk-to, to assure viewers that there would be swordplay in this rather talky movie.<\/p>\n

Things are far from settled, though. The prologue is a major crux, but assuming that the last reel I saw was that of the 1990 retooled version, how do the circumstances outlined above explain the disparities in the endings? Why would audience dissatisfaction or producers\u2019 demands force Wong to eliminate the empty shots of the stadium and the clock? Or substitute a different (and more opaque) scene of Lulu in the Philippines? Or change the d\u00e9coupage of the train dialogue between Yuddy and the cop? Or supply a different long shot of the train? Or eliminate the haunting \u201cPerfidia\u201d theme?<\/p>\n

Moreover, we still don\u2019t know what the premiere version screened at midnight shows was like. Was it congruent with today\u2019s international version, or was it yet a third variant? In other words, did Wong un-revise the original, or re-revise it? At what point did he or his distributors replace the obscure version with the one in general circulation?<\/p>\n

Earlier in June our blog discussed Grover Crisp\u2019s visit<\/a> to Madison, in which he argued that in an important sense every film exists in alternative versions. We simply have to accept that. It’s especially true of Hong Kong films, which are recut for circulation in many markets. And I like knowing that there\u2019s an especially puzzling variant of Days of Being Wild<\/em>\u2014one that lets us imagine virtual narrative possibilities and adds to the appeal of this enigmatic movie. Nonetheless, I’d welcome more information about all this, especially from Wong Kar-wai himself.<\/p>\n

(1) Stephen Teo, Wong Kar-wai<\/em> (London: BFI, 2005), 45.<\/p>\n

Thanks to Alex Wong for translating the prologue’s voice-over narration for me.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DB here: The Cannes screening of Ashes of Time Redux reminds us that Wong Kar-wai has been an incessant reviser of his work. Versions proliferate in different markets\u2014one for Hong Kong, one for Taiwan, one for the international market\u2014and he has sometimes promised online versions, or bonus DVD features. Buenos Aires Zero Degree (1999) by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,118,12,14,5,60,58,54,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-asian-cinema","category-directors-wong-kar-wai","category-film-history","category-film-scholarship","category-film-technique","category-technique-cinematography","category-technique-editing","category-narrative-strategies","category-national-cinemas-hong-kong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2453"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45098,"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2453\/revisions\/45098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davidbordwell.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}